人格变量的性别差异述评   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵慧娟  郭永玉 《西南师范大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2005,31(6):69-72

有关性别差异的假设在许多研究报告中都有所呈现。尽管这是一个备受争议的领域，但在过去的几十年里，研究者们还是已经探察了许多人格变量的性别差异。如今，使用元分析技术，心理学家们对于性别差异有了一定的认识。已有的相关研究表明：男性和女性在助人行为、移情、攻击、从众等方面都没有显著的差异，以往研究从效度来说是存在问题的。  相似文献   

移动图书馆与非移动图书馆用户后续点击行为比较分析     

吴丹  金鑫  王林琳 《图书情报工作》2016,60(18):27-34

[目的/意义] 研究用户通过移动端与桌面端设备访问图书馆OPAC过程中的后续点击行为差异,丰富目前关于图书馆OPAC的研究,同时可以为日后改善图书馆OPAC功能与界面设计提供理论参考。[方法/过程] 以国内某高校图书馆OPAC后台日志为基础,采用日志挖掘法对移动端与桌面端的用户后续点击行为进行统计分析。[结果/结论] 移动端与桌面端用户在后续点击行为个数、首次点击行为类型等方面有较大差异,但在翻页深度等方面的行为特点很相似。  相似文献   

Reexamining Fear Appeal Models from Cognitive Appraisal Theory and Functional Emotion Theory Perspectives     

Jiyeon So  Kai Kuang  Hyunyi Cho 《Communication monographs》2016,83(1):120-144

Recognizing inconsistencies between the extant fear appeal theories and emotion literature, this research integrated cognitive appraisal theory and functional emotion theory into a fear appeal literature and proposed a model that describes a process through which both fear and anxiety can contribute to adaptive responses. Findings from an experiment (N = 927) supported the predictions. Fear and anxiety emerged as distinct constructs. Perceived susceptibility was a stronger predictor of anxiety than fear, while perceived severity was a stronger predictor of fear than anxiety. In addition, greater fear and anxiety led to greater response efficacy through increased motivation to obtain protection-related information and heightened attention to such information, thus mediating the threat and coping appraisal processes. The SEM model testing the predictions showed that perceived susceptibility had the strongest total effects on protection intention, followed by anxiety, perceived severity, and fear.  相似文献   

健康素养对用户健康信息在线搜索行为的影响分析     

张敏  聂瑞  罗梅芬 《图书情报工作》2016,60(7):103

[目的/意义] 结合网络健康信息搜索情境,从健康知识素养和健康信息检索素养两个视角出发,对用户健康信息搜索行为的过程变量和结果变量进行影响分析,探究健康素养对用户健康信息检索行为的影响机理。[方法/过程] 采用情境模拟实验和问卷调查相结合的方法,选取在校大学生为实验对象,利用SPSS多变量方差分析和独立样本T检验归纳出用户健康信息检索过程呈现的规律特点,并探究用户健康素养及搜索经验与网络健康信息搜索行为过程变量和结果变量的影响关系。[结果/结论] 结果表明,用户的健康知识素养和健康信息检索素养对搜索过程变量分别有较大影响,对搜索结果变量有交互影响。  相似文献   

数字环境下城乡青年健康信息搜寻行为研究   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

李颖  杨伟娜  李媛 《图书情报工作》2016,60(12):115-123

[目的/意义] 从信息行为视角阐释城乡青年在健康信息领域的表征与原由,为相关管理部门制定政策与措施、医疗与网站等健康服务教育机构提升健康信息服务提供参考。[方法/过程] 采用半结构化访谈收集24位20-29岁河南省城乡青年的健康信息搜寻行为数据,考察数字环境下城乡青年健康信息需求动机、信息搜寻行为特点及异同,借助Nvivo对数据进行整理、编码和内容分析。从网络获取方式、手机与电脑使用体验差异、健康信息需求类别、搜寻途径、检索方式及平台选择等方面对城乡青年健康信息搜寻行为的共性与差异予以分析。[结果/结论] 与农村青年相比,城市青年健康信息需求范围更广泛、检索策略与平台选择多样化。论文提出城乡青年间“数字鸿沟”的存在可能引发“健康信息鸿沟”的风险,根源在于收入水平、受教育程度、信息技术使用能力等因素直接影响数字环境下网络接入、使用及信息化水平。  相似文献   

知识的个性化与教师行为的改变     

彭阳红 《湖南第一师范学报》2004,4(3):65-67

知识的个性化,是指学习者把所学知识与原有经验融合起来,形成具有个人特质的知识体系的过程。这样的知识获取观对指导教师教学行为的改变,开展“真正”意义上的教与学具有重要意义。  相似文献   

Individual and contextual factors in ethical decision making: A case study of the most significant doping scandal in Canadian university sports history     

《Sport Management Review》2016,19(1):61-68

This case study is written for instructors of sport management courses focused on ethics and integrity-related issues in team environments. The case highlights the real world example of the University of Waterloo Warriors varsity football that, in 2010, experienced the most significant doping scandal in Canadian university sports history, with a total of nine anti-doping rule violations asserted through the Canadian Centre for Ethics in Sport. This case study also incorporates the findings of an independent review of the Waterloo football program in relation to the use of banned substances, and includes first-hand accounts from Bob Copeland who was the acting director of athletics. These findings are then interpreted in the context of relevant theory related to performance enhancing drugs (PEDs) use. Along with the findings of this review, which included interviews with athletes, coaches, and administrators, the case study provides important insights into ethical decision making processes and leadership structures in a team sport environment. Particular emphasis is placed on the role that individual cognitive antecedents and contextual organizational factors (i.e., policies, leadership, ethical climate, and infrastructure) play in ethical decision-making processes.  相似文献   

虚拟现实系统中人机交互感官机理研究     

阳西述  陈娟 《娄底师专学报》2006,(3):71-72

探讨人机交互机理中感知系统模型和行为系统模型的基本原理与特点，总结出深入研究人机交互机理是实现虚拟现实人机交互的基础。同时指出人机交互感官机理研究有待进一步加强的方面。  相似文献   

对课堂教学设计中教学目标阐明的思考   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

王丽华 《现代教育技术》2003,13(6):66-69

教学目标阐明在整个课堂教学设计中占据着很重要的地位。该文在概述教学目标阐明的已有研究后,反思了新的时代背景下教学目标阐明中存在的主要问题,并对此提出了个人的思考。  相似文献   

Do cognitive training strategies improve motor and positive psychological skills development in soccer players? Insights from a systematic review     

Maamer Slimani  Nicola Luigi Bragazzi  David Tod  Alexandre Dellal  Olivier Hue  Foued Cheour 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(24):2338-2349

ABSTRACT

Soccer players are required to have well-developed physical, technical and cognitive abilities. The present systematic review, adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines, examined the effects of cognitive training strategies on motor and positive psychological skills development in soccer performance and identified the potential moderators of the “cognitive training–soccer performance” relationship. Thirteen databases were systematically searched using keywords related to psychological or cognitive training in soccer players. The review is based on 18 studies, employing 584 soccer players aged 7–39 years. Cognitive strategies, particularly imagery, appear to improve sports performance in soccer players. Regarding imagery, the combination of two different types of cognitive imagery training (i.e., cognitive general and cognitive specific) has a positive influence on soccer performance during training, whereas motivational imagery (i.e., motivational general-arousal, motivational general-mastery and motivational specific) enhance competition performance. Younger soccer players employ cognitive general and cognitive specific imagery techniques to a greater extent than older soccer players. Combined cognitive training strategies were more beneficial than a single cognitive strategy relative to motor skills enhancement in elite (particularly midfielders) and amateur (i.e., when practising complex and specific soccer skills in precompetitive period) soccer players. In conclusion, it appears that there are differences in cognitive/psychological training interventions, and their efficacy, according to whether they are directed towards training or competition, and the age, standard and playing position of the players.  相似文献